The trademark application WE LOVE GREEN was filed by WLG, a corporation established under the laws of the French Republic (the "Applicant"). The application was published for oppositions on March 22, 2021, and it was registered by office on June 29, 2021 without any oppositions.
It was designated 'Basic Application' for International Application 1612492 at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
The application was filed in French (English was selected as the second language).
Change of name and professional address of the trademark registration was recorded on June 30, 2021. Change of name and address of the trademark registration was recorded on April 3, 2023.
Goods And Services
The mark was filed in class 1 with following description of goods:
Chemical preparations and materials for film, photography and printing
Unprocessed plastics
Adhesives for use in industry
Growing media, fertilizers and chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry
Detergents for use in manufacture and industry
Chemical substances, chemical materials and chemical preparations, and natural elements
Salts for industrial purposes
Unprocessed artificial and synthetic resins
Starches for use in manufacturing and industry
Putties, and fillers and pastes for use in industry
Chemical and organic compositions for use in the manufacture of food and beverages
Filtering materials [chemical, mineral, vegetable and other unprocessed materials]
Cellulose.
The mark was filed in class 2 with following description of goods:
Dyes, colorants, pigments and inks
Thinners and thickeners for coatings, dyes and inks
Coatings
Raw natural resins
Additives relating to the aforesaid goods, As far as included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 3 with following description of goods:
Toiletries
Animal grooming preparations
Essential oils and aromatic extracts
Abrasives
Cleaning and fragrancing preparations
Tailors' and cobblers' wax.
The mark was filed in class 4 with following description of goods:
Fuels and illuminants
Electrical energy
Dust controlling compositions
Lubricants and industrial greases, waxes and fluids
And additives in connection with the aforesaid goods, included in the class.
The mark was filed in class 5 with following description of goods:
Dietary supplements and dietetic preparations
Dental preparations and articles, and medicated dentifrices
Sanitary preparations and articles
Pest control preparations and articles
Medical and veterinary preparations and articles [materials for dressings, for medical and veterinary purposes, all the aforesaid goods made from natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials].
The mark was filed in class 6 with following description of goods:
Building and construction materials and elements of metal
Unprocessed and semi-processed materials of metal, not specified for use
Metal hardware
Doors, gates, windows and window coverings of metal
Structures and transportable buildings of metal
Statues and works of art of common metals
Containers, and transportation and packaging articles, of metal
Gulleys of metal for trapping impurities in molten metal
Locks and keys, of metal
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 7 with following description of goods:
Agricultural, earthmoving, construction, oil and gas extraction and mining equipment
Pumps, compressors and blowers
Industrial robots, All the aforesaid goods based on technology using a sustainable development approach
Moving and handling equipment
Generators of electricity
Machines and machine tools for treatment of materials and for manufacturing
Motors and engines, transmissions, parts of the aforesaid goods resulting based on technology using a sustainable development approach and controls for machines, motors and engines
Dispensing apparatus
Sweeping, cleaning, washing and laundering equipment
Emergency and rescue machines and machine tools
Parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 8 with following description of goods:
Hand-operated hygienic and beauty implements for humans and animals
Edged and blunt weapons
Cutlery, and food preparation implements being kitchen knives, cutting and grinding implements
Hand-operated tools and implements for treatment of materials, and for construction, repair and maintenance
Lifting tools
Emergency and rescue hand tools
Hand-operated gardening tools
Parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 9 with following description of goods:
Apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images
Laser discs and phonograph records featuring music, sounds and entertainment, Musical sound and video recordings
MP3 files
Recorded content
Information technology and audio-visual, multimedia and photographic devices
Magnets, magnetizers and demagnetizers
Scientific and laboratory devices for treatment using electricity
Apparatus, instruments and cables for electricity
Optical devices, enhancers and correctors
Safety, security, protection and signalling devices
Diving equipment
Navigation, guidance, tracking, targeting and map making devices
Measuring, detecting and monitoring instruments, indicators and controllers
Scientific research and laboratory apparatus, educational apparatus and simulators
Parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 10 with following description of goods:
Physical therapy equipment
Hearing protection devices
Feeding aids and pacifiers
Sexual aids
Medical and veterinary apparatus and instruments
Medical furniture and bedding, equipment for moving patients
Medical clothing
Prosthetics and artificial implants
Orthopaedic apparatus and mobility aids
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 11 with following description of goods:
Flues and installations for conveying exhaust gases
Sun tanning appliances
Sanitary installations
Water supply and purification equipment
Burners, boilers and heaters
Lighting and lighting reflectors
Cooking, heating, cooling and preservation equipment, for food and beverages
Fireplaces
Filters for industrial and household use
Industrial treatment installations, namely gas cleaners and purifiers
Industrial ovens and furnaces (not for food or beverages)
Chemical processing equipment
Industrial installations for filtering liquids
Installations for the collection of gases
Installations for the collection of liquids
Biological reactors for clarifying industrial effluents
Apparatus for dehydrating food waste
Personal heating and drying implements
Drying installations
Refrigerating and freezing equipment
Regulating and safety accessories for water and gas installations
Nuclear installations
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning and purification equipment (ambient)
Igniters
Parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 12 with Vehicles and conveyances and Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class..
The mark was filed in class 13 with following description of goods:
Explosive substances and devices, other than arms
Weapons and ammunition
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 14 with following description of goods:
Gemstones, pearls and precious metals, and imitations thereof
Jewellery
Chronometric instruments
Other articles of precious metals and precious stones and imitations thereof, namely statues and figurines made of or coated with semi-precious metals or stones, or imitations thereof, decorative objects made of or coated with semi-precious metals or stones, or imitations thereof, coins and monetary tokens, works of art of precious metals
Key rings and key chains, and charms therefor
Caskets for clocks and jewels
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 15 with following description of goods:
Musical instruments
Musical accessories
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 16 with following description of goods:
Posters
Advertisement boards of paper or cardboard
Albums
Almanacs
Lithographic works of art, Works of art made of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable paper and cardboard
Stickers [stationery]
Tickets
Pamphlets
Musical greeting cards
Folders for papers
Printing blocks
Drawings, signboards of paper or cardboard
Foils, Notecards, Engraving plates, Engravings
Pictures
Printed matter
Printed matter
Newspapers
Books
Manuals and booklets
Numbering apparatus
Paper
Paper for recording machines
Photographs [printed]
Photo-engravings
Drawing boards
Engraving plates
Reproductions (graphic)
Graphic representations
Journals
Magazines [periodicals]
All the aforesaid goods used mainly in the field of editing and phonographic production excluding advertising provided to others
Works of art and figurines of paper and cardboard, and architects' models
Decoration and art materials and media
Filtering materials of paper
Bags and articles for packaging, wrapping and storage of paper, cardboard or plastics
Stationery and educational supplies
Adhesives for stationery or household purposes
Banknote holders
Disposable goods of paper [table linen of paper, table napkins of paper, towels of paper, bags of paper, sacks of paper, all the aforesaid goods being of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials]
Printed matter
Paper and cardboard
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 17 with following description of goods:
Flexible pipes, tubes, hoses and fittings therefor (including valves), and fittings for rigid pipes, all non-metallic
Seals, sealants and fillers
Insulation and barrier articles and materials
Unprocessed and semi-processed materials included in the class, for unspecified use, namely: polyester
Mineral fibers
Elastomers
Synthetic and composite materials, namely, Carbon fibre
Cellulose acetate
Glass fibre and glass wool
Cast nylon for use in manufacture, Chemical fibres not for textile use
Microporous synthetic sheets for the manufacture of protective clothing
Microporous synthetic sheets for the manufacture of protective rainwear
Microporous synthetic sheets for use in manufacture
Microporous synthetic sheets for the manufacture of protective workwear, Microporous synthetic strips for the manufacture of protective clothing, Self lubricating cast nylon for use in manufacture, Synthetic fibres, other than for textile use
Viscose sheets, other than for wrapping
Viscose sheets [semi-finished product]
Yarns of ceramic fibres [other than for use in textiles]
Fibres impregnated with synthetic resins
Resins in extruded form
Semi-worked plastic substances
Finished or semi-finished goods made of materials included in this class for specific use, namely moulds not of metal based on technology using a sustainable development approach
Shock-absorbing and packing materials, vibration dampers
Statues and works of art, namely, Decorative articles (badges) made of mica
Decorative articles (badges) made of rubber
Decorative plastics films being semi-finished products
Figurines made from rubber
Sound-absorbing floor and wall coverings made of non-metallic natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials
Gaskets
Connectors (non-metallic-) for hoses, Range spacers for insulators based on technology using a sustainable development approach
Membranes and semi-processed synthetic filtering materials
Adhesive tapes, strips, bands and films
Clutch and brake linings
Tire restoration and repair materials
Anti-corrosion tape
Foam supports for flower arrangements
Films for coating paper in plastic made of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials
Insulating glass tapes and strips
Pouches of rubber for packaging made of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials
Articles made of rubber for protection purposes
Protective asbestos screens
Elastic yarns other than for textile use made of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials
Grips and pads of rubber
Threads of plastic for soldering
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 18 with following description of goods:
Umbrellas and parasols
Walking sticks
Bags and luggage
Pocket wallets and other objects for transport
Leather and imitations of leather, Animal skins
Saddlery
Crops and clothing for animals
Parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 19 with following description of goods:
Building and construction materials and elements, not of metal
Doors, gates, windows and window coverings, not of metal
Structures and transportable buildings, not of metal
Unprocessed and semi-processed materials included in the class, not specified for use, Namely pitch
Tar
Asphalt and bitumen
Stone
Rock
Clay and minerals
Wood and artificial wood
Statues and Works of art of stone, concrete or marble, All the aforesaid goods made of natural, recycled, recyclable or biodegradable materials
Gulleys not of metal for trapping impurities in molten metal
Tapes for marking-out roadways
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 20 with following description of goods:
Hardware not of metal, namely mooring buoys
Locks and keys, non-metallic
Fittings not of metal for doors, gates and windows
Valves
Fixings
Clappers
Fasteners
Connectors and fixtures
Fans for personal use, non-electric
Flap openings
Handles and rails
Butts
Hooks and hangers
Identification bracelets
Mussels
Holders for pennants
Plugs
Protective devices and supports
Reels
Reinforcing devices
Rings, rods
Saw horses
Mats for sinks
Spacers
Mats of covers for sinks
Stair fittings
Springs
Stackable adapters
Rungs
Stakes and Posts
Teat cups
Suspension tracks
Tags
Tensioners
Tent elements
Tissue holders of paper
Trays
Statues
Figurines, Works of art and ornament s and decorations
Furniture and furnishings
Animal housing and beds
Unprocessed and semi-processed materials included in the class, Not for any specific use, namely, Yellow amber
Animal parts
Meerschaum, Parts of plants
Containers, and closures and holders therefor, non-metallic
Ladders and movable steps, non-metallic
Displays, stands and signage, non-metallic
Plastic closures
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 21 with following description of goods:
Statues, figurines, plaques and works of art, made of materials such as porcelain, terra-cotta or glass, included in the class
Unworked and semi-worked glass, not specified for use
Household utensils for cleaning, brushes and brush-making materials
Tableware, other than knives, forks and spoons
Kitchen utensils and kitchen or household containers
Cosmetic and toilet utensils
Articles for animals namely Aquaria and vivaria
Devices for pest and vermin control
Bird baths
Birdcages, Containers for consuming food and drink
Fishbowl
Pet grooming articles
Nesting articles for birds
Container labels, Decanter tags
Cotton waste for cleaning, Covers especially designed for waste containers
Articles for the care of clothing and footwear, including boot jacks and shoehorns
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 22 with following description of goods:
Raw textile fibers and substitutes
Goods made of textile and fibers, namely, Slings and Webbing
Bags and sacks for packaging, storage and transport
Awnings, tarpaulins
Awnings and coverings, not fitted
Sails
Ropes and strings
Nets
Brattice cloth
Container liners
Padding and stuffing materials
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 23 with Yarn.
The mark was filed in class 24 with following description of goods:
Textiles
Textile goods, and substitutes for textile goods
Filtering materials of textile.
The mark was filed in class 25 with following description of goods:
Clothing
Shoes
Headgear
Shirts
Tee-shirts
Scarves
Clothing made of leather and imitation leather
Belts [clothing]
Gloves [clothing]
Neckties
Hosiery
Socks
Slippers
Beach shoes, skiing or sports shoes
Underwear
Polo shirts
Coats
Trousers
Skirts
Dresses
Skull caps
Sweaters
Polo-neck jerseys
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 26 with following description of goods:
Accessories for apparel
Sewing articles and decorative articles of textile
Decorative articles for the hair
Hair curlers, electric and non-electric, other than hand implements
Articles for fastening hair and false hair
Artificial fruit, flowers and vegetables
Charms [not jewellery or for keys, rings or chains]
Needles and pins for entomology.
The mark was filed in class 27 with following description of goods:
Floor coverings and Artificial floor coverings
Wall and ceiling coverings
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 28 with following description of goods:
Sporting articles and equipment
Festive decorations and artificial Christmas trees
Fairground and playground apparatus
Toys, games, playthings and novelties
Parts and fittings relating to all the aforesaid goods, included in the class.
The mark was filed in class 29 with following description of goods:
Meat
Fish, not live
Seafood and molluscs (not live)
Dairy products and dairy substitutes
Bird eggs and egg products
Edible oils and fats
Processed fruits, mushrooms and vegetables (including nuts and dried pulses)
Soups and stocks, meat extracts
Sausage skins and imitations thereof
Prepared insects and larvae.
The mark was filed in class 30 with following description of goods:
Convenience food and savoury snacks, namely corn, cereal, flour and sesame based snacks
Crackers
Crepes
Meals based on pasta, rice and cereals
Tarts and Pastries
Sandwiches, pizzas
Spring rolls and Seaweed rolls
Steamed bread rolls
Tortilla dishes
Salts
Spice rubs
Flavourings and condiments
Bakery goods
Confectionery
Chocolate and chocolate based desserts
Sugar
Natural sweeteners
Sweet coatings and fillings
Beekeeping products
Ice
Ice cream
Frozen yoghurts and sorbets
Coffee, tea and cocoa and substitutes therefor
Cereals
Starches and prepared goods based on starch
Baking preparations of yeast and yeasts.
The mark was filed in class 31 with following description of goods:
Live animals
Organisms for breeding
Agricultural and aquacultural crops, horticulture and forestry products
Foodstuffs and fodder for animals
Bedding and litter for animals.
The mark was filed in class 32 with following description of goods:
Beer and brewery products
Non-alcoholic beverages
Non-alcoholic preparations for making beverages.
The mark was filed in class 33 with Preparations for making alcoholic beverages and Alcoholic beverages (except beer)..
The mark was filed in class 34 with following description of goods:
Tobacco and tobacco products (including substitutes)
Articles for use with tobacco
Matches
Personal vaporisers and electronic cigarettes, and flavourings and solutions therefor
And parts and fittings associated with all the aforesaid goods, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 35 with following description of goods:
Advertising and promotion for musicians, singers, songwriters, performers and artists
Business management
Business administration
Dissemination of advertising material (flyers, prospectuses, printed matter, samples) for the promotion of musicians, singers, song composers, performers and artists
Organisation of exhibitions for commercial or advertising purposes
Online advertising on a computer network
Rental of advertising time on communication media
Publication of advertising literature
Rental of advertising space
Dissemination of advertising matter
Public relations services
The aforesaid services relating to phonographic, musical and audiovisual editing and production, and production of shows
Advertising services, market research and publicity
Commercial trading and consumer information services
Auctioneering services, Rental of vending machines, Business contact services, collective buying services, commercial evaluation services, Import and export agencies, Negotiation of commercial transactions for others, Ordering services, Price comparison services, Purchasing, for others, subscriptions
Business assistance, management and administrative services
Business analysis, research and information services
And advice, consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 36 with following description of goods:
Insurance services
Real estate services
Lending against securities
Provision of prepaid cards and tokens
Safe deposit services
Financial and monetary services, and banking
Fundraising and financial sponsorship
Financial appraisal services
Brokerage services
Advisory and consultancy services, Consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 37 with following description of goods:
Building, construction and demolition
Rental of tools, plant and equipment for construction, demolition, cleaning and maintenance
Extraction of natural resources
Cleaning services
Installation services, repair and maintenance of buildings
Extermination, disinfestation and control of vermin
Advice, consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 38 with following description of goods:
Telecommunication services
Information about telecommunication
Communications by computer terminals or by fibre optic networks
Providing telecommunications connections to a global computer network
Radio broadcasting
Communications by cellular phones
Satellite transmission
Sending of telegrams
Message sending
The aforesaid services relating to phonographic, musical and audiovisual publishing and production, and show production
Transmission of advertising or business information via radio or the internet
Streaming of sound and audio-visual recordings via the Internet
Streaming of audio and video content over the Internet
Digital and electronic transmission of voices, data, sounds, images, audio and video content and messages
Video-on-demand transmission services
Providing online chatrooms, discussion forums and electronic mail for the transmission of messages between users regarding music and entertainment
Radio transmission of downloadable ringtones, voice, music, MP3 files, illustrations, games, images, videos, information and news via global computer networks to wireless communication devices
Sending and receiving voice and text messages between wireless communication devices
Providing of multi-user access to a global computer information network
Providing of access to a website featuring music shows, video clips, photographs and other non-downloadable multimedia content in the field of music.
The mark was filed in class 39 with following description of goods:
Distribution by pipeline and cable
Transport
Packaging and storage of goods
Vehicle parking and storage
Rental services related to transportation and storage
Advisory and consultancy services
Energy distribution
Consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, as far as included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 40 with following description of goods:
Food and beverage treatment
Assembly services for others
Energy production
Treatment and transformation of materials, namely, Processing and transformation of waste material
Printing, and photographic and cinematographic development
Duplication of audio and video recordings
Air and water conditioning and purification
Slaughtering
Rental of equipment for the treatment and transformation of materials, for energy production and for custom manufacturing
Advice, consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 41 with following description of goods:
Entertainment services
Conducting of cultural activities
Entertainment information
Videotape production
Videotape editing
Photography
Organisation of exhibitions for cultural purposes
Booking of seats for shows
Game services provided online from a computer network
The aforesaid services relating to phonographic, musical and audiovisual publishing and production, and show production
Production and organisation of entertainment in the form of musical festivals, concerts and events featuring musical artists and groups
Organisation of awards ceremonies in relation to musical entertainment
Publication of audio and video materials, in particular stored on all kinds of digital or magnetic media (audio books, CDs, CD-ROMs) in the field of music
On-line publication of musical works and video clips
Audio recording and production
Desktop publishing and publication in the field of music
Record production
Soundtrack production
Music arranging services
Entertainment in the form of audio or radio programmes, streamed entertainment and entertainment in non-downloadable form (podcasts) in the field of music
Presentation of musical works to the public for cultural and entertainment purposes
Production and dissemination of musical programmes, for others
Production and editing of videos and music
Production of music in studios
Composition of music, musical orchestrations and arrangements
Providing of online entertainment featuring the providing of non-downloadable sound and visual recordings in the field of music
Entertainment featuring live and/or recorded shows by musical artists for later broadcast (not downloadable)
Entertainment including music shows, video clips, photographs and other non-downloadable multimedia content in the field of music, via a website
Entertainment featuring the providing of pre-recorded music and information in the field of music, non-downloadable commentary and articles relating to music, all of the aforesaid online via the internet
Online music services featuring the providing of electronic libraries containing musical sound recordings via an online computer network
Publication of music books, musical compositions, musical arrangements, and musical text
Representation of artists namely arranging of musical events
Disc jockey services
Orchestra and music hall services
Dubbing
Presentation of musical performance
Entertainer services, Videotaping services
Rental of videotapes
Production of films on video tape, music
Entertainment services
Music composition services, Organisation of competitions (entertainment or education)
Organization of competitions
Discotheque services, Discotheque services
Entertainment services
Entertainment information, Radio entertainment, televised amusement, Film production, film rental, Gambling services
Publication of books
Rental of audio equipment
Rental of lighting apparatus for theatrical sets or television studios
Rental of movie projectors and accessories
Rental of sound recordings
Lease of scenery
Rental of motion pictures
Rental of video cassette recorders, Rental of radio and television sets
Rental of stadium facilities
Leisure services
Production of radio and television programmes
Music-halls
Orchestra services
Arranging of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes
Organization of shows [impresario services], Photography
Photographic reporting
Party planning [entertainment]
Film production services
Production of radio and television programmes
Publication of texts
Online publication of electronic books and journals
Radio entertainment
Theatre productions, Scriptwriting services
Subtitling
Organisation of shows
Production of shows
Presentation of live performances
Recording studio services
All the aforesaid services used mainly in the field of editing and phonographic production excluding advertising provided to others
Awareness (education) and training for children in music and events, eco-citizenship and sustainable development and advice, consultancy and information relating thereto.
The mark was filed in class 42 with following description of goods:
IT services, Namely developing
Software programming and implementation
Computer hardware development
Hosting services, software as a service, and rental of software
Rental of computer hardware and facilities
IT consultancy, advisory and information services, IT security, protection and restoration
Data duplication and conversion services, data coding services
Computer analysis and diagnostics
Research, development and implementation of computers and systems, Computer project management services
Data mining
Digital water-marking
Computer services
Technological services relating to computers
Computer network services
Updating of memory banks of computer systems
Data migration services
Updating of websites, for others, Monitoring of computer systems by remote access
Scientific technological services
Testing, authentication and quality control
Design services
Advice, consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 43 with following description of goods:
Temporary accommodation
Boarding for animals
Rental of furniture, linens and table settings
Providing foods and beverages
Advice, consultancy and information in connection with the aforesaid services, included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 44 with following description of goods:
Animal healthcare services
Agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry services
Animal grooming services
Human healthcare services
Human hygiene and beauty care
Advice, consultancy and information relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.
The mark was filed in class 45 with following description of goods:
Safety, rescue, security and enforcement services
Personal and social services namely Astrological and spiritual services, Detective services, Dating services
Funerary services
Religious services, Rental of clothing
House-sitting
Legal research in the field of eco-citizenship and sustainable development
Shopping services for individuals (personal shoppers, advice on how to dress)
Lost property search services
Social networking services
Writing of personal letters
Assisting in the locating of lost pets
Political lobbying services
Social companion services
Planning, preparation and conducting of wedding ceremonies
Legal services
Mediation
Advice, consultancy and information services relating to the aforesaid services, Included in this class.